16/06/1999 10:00:00 - Switched side to: Greece

16/06/1999 10:00:00 - [Greece] <BODY scroll=auto><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>The shallow water environment differs from deep water in a number of ways:<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>There are no convergence zones<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>The thermocline may be thinner and weaker, or non-existent<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>The ocean floor presents a hard limit to diving depth<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>Sonar performance is markedly reduced in terms of range and sensitivity<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>Ocean floor topography affects sensor performance<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>The first three points need little explanation, however the last two will benefit from some more detail. Compared to deep water, the shallow water environment has a very high level of ambient noise from waves, currents, biological sources and increased marine traffic. In fact, in most shallow water environments, a submarine (particularly a diesel-electric submarine running on batteries) will be quieter than the surrounding environment. This is exacerbated by the fact that as sound waves reverberate off the surface, ocean floor and any other surface the strength of the sound decreases significantly. The multiple reverberations and high background noise drastically reduces the distance at which contacts can be detected with passive sonar in shallow water. This allows submarines to remain undetected at even very short ranges, but also allows for surface vessels to approach submarines undetected.<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>Shallow water also degrades active sonar performance. Reflections from the sea floor, rocks, wrecks and other clutter drastically reduce the signal-to-noise ratio, particularly in the low and middle frequencies. In tutorial 1.2 we saw that high frequency active sonar was not very effective at penetrating the thermocline; however in shallow water high frequency is the active sonar of choice for differentiating submarines from background clutter. Regardless of frequency, all active sonar suffers a significant degradation of performance in shallow water.<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>Ocean topography is the final point of difference for shallow water operations. In deep water the ocean floor is beyond the operating depth of submarines (often by orders of magnitude) and is essentially irrelevant when it comes to ASW operations. In shallow water, the valleys and ranges of the ocean floor can be used to avoid detection by both active and passive sonar. Terrain masking using underwater topography is an extremely effective method of avoiding detection, as sound is not able to travel in a direct path to passive sensors, and no line-of-sight exists between the submarine and active sensors on the surface. The down-side is that the sensor performance of the submarine will also be reduced for the same reasons.<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>Now, a friendly intelligence agent has spotted your target transiting the Bosphorus Straits. Plot a course toward your target and start time (spacebar) to continue.</FONT><o:p></o:p></P></BODY>

16/06/1999 10:00:02 - [Greece] <BODY scroll=auto><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>A common tactic that makes use of the shallow water environment is <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">bottom profiling.</I> This is when a submarine avoids detection by sitting motionless on the ocean floor. For a diesel submarine the reduction in battery consumption allows for very long submerged endurance, and the lack of noise generated by movement means the submarine is generally much quieter than the surrounding environment. For a nuclear submarine, these benefits don’t really apply (remember nuclear submarines can remain submerged indefinitely and are inherently noisier even when motionless due to essential reactor systems). <?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>Where both diesel and nuclear submarines benefit from bottom profiling is the drastically reduced chance of detection by active sonar. As mentioned previously, both low and medium frequency active sonar are not very effective in shallow water, and their chances of differentiating a submarine from the ocean floor are very poor. High frequency sonar poses more of a threat, but still suffers a drastic reduction in probability of detection.<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>For bottom profiling to be effective, the submarine must be motionless. Any movement will increase the likelihood of detection drastically, particularly against high frequency sonar. A good submarine commander will decide on a suitable location (all the better if terrain masking is used) and get in place well before the target comes within sensor range. The submarine will then remain motionless and wait for the target to pass overhead, before manoeuvring into the targets baffles<FONT size=2>*</FONT> for a high-probability-of-kill torpedo shot.<o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri><FONT size=2>*Baffles is a term used to describe the relative dead-zone of sonar coverage behind a ship or submarine<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; LINE-HEIGHT: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA'>Click ‘close and continue’ to continue.</SPAN></BODY>

16/06/1999 10:00:04 - [Greece] <BODY scroll=auto><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>Your instruction in ‘Basic Submarine Operations’ is now complete. Your mission is to sink the Turkish frigate transiting through the Aegean enroute to the Mediterranean. You will need to use the knowledge you have gained in the previous tutorials in order to accomplish this task; the target is a capable opponent, and will be significantly more aggressive than targets in prior tutorials. <?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>Using the skills and knowledge you have accumulated so far, you will be able to destroy the target without being detected. If you ignore previous lessons, you are unlikely to survive. <o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8pt"><FONT face=Calibri>The scenario will end once you have sunk the target and are safe from counter-attack by its carried helicopter. You have 6 hours, good luck.</FONT><o:p></o:p></P></BODY>

16/06/1999 11:24:01 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE ENABLED.

16/06/1999 11:24:06 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE DISABLED.

16/06/1999 11:48:09 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE ENABLED.

16/06/1999 11:48:53 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE DISABLED.

16/06/1999 12:04:02 - Switched side to: Turkey

16/06/1999 12:04:02 - Switched side to: Greece

16/06/1999 12:05:32 - [Greece] Can only rename one reference point at a time. Deselect all reference points but one.

16/06/1999 12:06:00 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE ENABLED.

16/06/1999 12:06:01 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE DISABLED.

16/06/1999 12:06:02 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE ENABLED.

16/06/1999 12:06:10 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE DISABLED.

16/06/1999 12:09:13 - [Greece] Submarine: S 110 Glavkos (S 110 Glavkos [Type 209-1100]) has been ordered to periscope depth or surface, but the doctrine has been configured to order the submarine to dive when threats are nearby. The submarine will now dive. To allow the sub to come to periscope depth or surface, change the Dive when threat is detected doctrine to No.

16/06/1999 12:09:13 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE ENABLED.

16/06/1999 12:09:13 - [Greece] GOD'S EYE DISABLED.

16/06/1999 12:09:13 - Switched side to: Turkey

16/06/1999 12:09:13 - Switched side to: Greece

16/06/1999 12:48:01 - Switched side to: Turkey

16/06/1999 12:48:01 - Switched side to: Greece

16/06/1999 12:51:37 - Switched side to: Turkey

16/06/1999 12:51:41 - Switched side to: Greece

